Proctology

What is Proctology?
 

Proctology is a branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the rectum, anal canal, and surrounding tissues. It helps manage both acute and chronic problems that can be not only physically but also emotionally distressing.
 

Who is a Proctologist?
 

A proctologist is a specialist doctor who examines and treats various conditions of the rectum and anus. The doctor performs diagnostic examinations (for example, rectoscopy), prescribes treatment, and, if necessary, carries out surgical procedures. A proctologist not only treats but also helps prevent recurrence of diseases by providing advice on diet, hygiene, and lifestyle.
 

How Does a Proctologist Treat?
 

Treatment is individualized and depends on the specific diagnosis. A proctologist may prescribe:

• Medication therapy (anti-inflammatory, pain-relieving, or vascular-strengthening medicines);
• Minimally invasive procedures (for example, hemorrhoid sclerotherapy or rubber band ligation);
• Surgical treatment, if necessary;
• Lifestyle and dietary adjustments to prevent symptom recurrence.

How to Prepare for a Visit to a Proctologist?
 

• It is recommended to empty the bowels beforehand — mild laxatives or a micro enema can help ensure a more accurate examination.
• Avoid heavy meals the day before the appointment.
• Bring any previous test results, if available (for example, colonoscopy or ultrasound findings).

There is no need to feel embarrassed or anxious — a proctologist is a professional who works delicately and with understanding.
 

When Should You Not Delay Seeing a Proctologist?
 

You should make an appointment without delay if you notice:

• Blood in your stool or on toilet paper;
• Pain, burning, or itching in the anal area;
• Persistent constipation or diarrhea;
• A sensation of a foreign body in the rectum;
• A lump or swelling around the anus.

Early diagnosis significantly reduces the risk of complications and ensures more effective treatment.
 

The Most Common Proctological Diseases
 

• Hemorrhoids — dilated veins in the rectal area causing pain, itching, and bleeding;
• Anal fissures — small tears in the mucosa that cause severe pain;
• Perianal abscesses and fistulas — inflammatory processes around the anus;
• Rectal inflammations (proctitis, paraproctitis);
• Benign and malignant growths (polyps, tumors).
   

Prevention and a Healthy Lifestyle
 

To prevent proctological diseases, it is recommended to:

• Maintain a balanced diet rich in fiber;
• Drink plenty of water;
• Avoid prolonged sitting;
• Undergo regular preventive examinations.